خانه نخ ها تاریخچه نخ
دسته بندی نخ ها
نخ از دیرباز و دوره نوسنگی برای بافتن پارچه و تهیه لباس برای انسان های اولیه مورد استفاده قرار می گرفته است و دوک نخ ریسی هم به عنوان تنها ابزار این کار در آثار باستانی کشف شده و وجود صنعت ابتدایی نخ ریسی را نشان می دهد. اولین دوک های نخ ریسی در دوران نوسنگی در ایران کشف و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
وجود مهری با نقش یک زن در حال ریسیدن نخ در محوطه چغامیش خوزستان این ادعا را ثابت کرد. تصویر این زن بر روی مهر به روشنی وجود یک چنین ابزاری را در آن دوره برای نخ ریسی نشان می دهد. این تصویر زنی با موهای بلند است که لباسی بدون آستین به تن دارد و چهره ای زیبا داشته و زیورآلاتی فراوان به خود آویزان کرده و به صورت نشسته با دوکی در دست، نخ ریسی می کند.
نحوه نخ ریسی در ایران باستان کاروانسرا
نحوه نخ ریسی در ایران باستان
آثار باستانی دوره نوسنگی نشان می دهد، مردان و زنان برای انجام این کار از میزهای کوچک با پایه های کوتاه استفاده می کردند. نکته جالب در تاریخچه نخ این است که آثار به جا مانده از گذشتگان بیان می کند، فن و حرفه نخ ریسی برای طبقه متمول و ثروتمند بوده و فقرا و افراد متوسط این کار را انجام نمی دادند.
تاریخچه نخ در دوران اسلامی
در دوران اسلامی سه ابزار مهم نخ ریسی شامل دوک، چرخ و دستگاه بافندگی برای ریسیدن و همچنین تهیه پارچه مورد استفاده قرار می گرفتند. اولین چرخ های نخ ریسی در دوران اسلامی به عصر آل بویه باز می گردد که البته بسیار هم پیشرفته بوده و می توانستند با کیفیت زیادی کار کنند. اضافه شدن رکاب برای استفاده از پا در این دستگاه در همین دوره صورت گرفت به طوری که شخص می توانست، برای بالا و پایین کردن تارها از پاهایش استفاده کند.
نحوه نخ ریسی در ایران باستان کاروانسرا
تاریخچه دوک
دوک ها اولین وسایل و ابزار نخ ریسی در سراسر دنیا بوده اند و عموما از آثار بدست آمده در باستان شناسی مشخص شد آنها را از جنس چوب و یا فلز درست می کردند. کار دوک تبدیل پشم و موی حیوانات به نخ بود و این کار را از راه کشیدن و تاب دادن آنها انجام می دادند. در ایران اولین دوک ها در کاوش های باستان شناسی در کاشان، تپه سبز دهلران و جعفر آباد پیدا شده که متعلق به دوران نوسنگی بودند.
این وسیله در شکل های مختلف سوراخ دار و نوع بلند و باریک ساخته شده و مورد استفاده قرار می گرفته است. تفاوت در شکل ظاهری دوک ها به دلیل نوع استفاده آنها بوده و مثلا دوک های بلند برای تاب دادن الیاف بلند بکار می رفتند.
به طور کلی با بررسی های تاریخی و یافته های بدست آمده از کاوش های باستان شناسی مشخص شد، تاریخچه نخ و دوک در ایران به سده های دور بازگشته و جزو حرفه های مهم و البته مخصوص طبقه بالادست بوده است.
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